Present Simple i Present Continuous su prva vremena sa kojima se suočimo kada počnemo sa učenjem engleskog jezika.

Prvo primetimo ono što im je zajedničko – izražavaju radnju u sadašnjosti i podjedanko često se koriste u govoru. i tu se, nekako prirodno, javi nesigurnost kada treba koristi jedno a kada drugo vreme.

Zato pravimo greške, nekad su to greške u gradnji, nekad u upotrebi. Ovde ćemo objasniti razlike između Present Simple i Present Continuous i pomoći vam da ih pravilno koristite 

Evo nekoliko najčešćih grešaka koje pravimo a naučićemo da ih ispravimo: 

Kako razlikovati Present Simple i Present Continuous (građenje)

Najpre ćemo objasniti način na koji se grade, kakvi su glagoli, koje nastavke imaju, koji se pomoćni glagoli koriste za koje vreme.

Zatim ćemo pojasniti razlike u upotrebi uz poseban uvid u ključne reči (signal words, clue words) koje nam daju znak koje vreme treba koristiti.

Kako razlikovati Present Simple (građenje)

Present Simple je prosto vreme, što znači da nema pomoćni glagol u potvrdom obliku. Za upitni i odrični oblik koristi pomoćni glagol do.

Potvrdan oblik:

Subjekat + infinitiv

• I live in a house. He lives in a flat.
• You teach Biology. She teaches History.

Iz primera zaključujemo da se u potvrdnim rečenicama koristi infinitiv glagola za I, you, we, they.

Za treće lice jednine –he, she, it – dodaje se nastavak –s ili –es na infinitiv glagola.

Obratite pažnju: kada se glagoli završavaju na y a ispred njega je suglasnik, pre dodavanja -es, y prelazi u slovo i.

• I carry a backpack,
• He carries a backpack.

Upitni oblik:

Do / Does + Subjekat + infinitiv

• Do you live in a house? Does he live in a flat?
• Do you teach Biology? Does he teach History?

Za pitanja, koristimo pomoćni glagol do za I, you, we, they i does za treće lice jednine –he, she, it. Obratite pažnju kako je glavni glagol uvek u infinitivu.

Odričan oblik:

Subjekat + do / does + not + infinitiv

• I don’t live in a house. He doesn’t live in a flat.
• You don’t teach Biology. He doesn’t teach History.

Za odričan oblik, koristimo negativan pomoćni glagol donot (don’t) za I, you, we, they i does not (doesn’t) za treće lice jednine –he, she, it. Obratite pažnju da je i ovde glavni glagol uvek u infinitivu.

Kako razlikovati Present Continuous (građenje)

Jedna od razlika između Present Simple i Present Continuous je ta što je Present Continuous složeno vreme, što znači da i u potvdnom, upitnom i odričnom obliku koristi pomoćni glagol i to je glagol be. (prezent glagola “be” – am, is, are) I glavni glagol koji je uvek present participle (glagol + nastavak -ing)

Present Continuous Tense (Sadašnje trajno vreme) se gradi od glagola to be u Present Simple Tense-u (Prostom sadašnjem vremenu), tj. am/is/are + Present Participle (sadašnji particip) glavnog glagola.

Sadašnji particip se gradi kada se na infinitiv doda nastavak –ing:

• go – going
• sleep – sleeping
• work – working

Ako se glagol završava na jedan suglasnik ispred kojeg stoji kratak, naglašen samoglasnik, krajnji suglasnik ispred –ing se udvostručava:

• hit – hitting
• stop – stopping
• permit – permitting
• begin – beginning

Krajnje –l se uvek udvostručava u britanskom jeziku ali ne I u američkom engleskom:

• travel – particip: travelling (BrE)
• travel – particip: traveling (AmE)

Ukoliko se glagol završava na –e, to -e se gubi i dodaje se nastavak –ing:

• come – coming
• make – making
• take – taking

Ukoliko se glagoli završavaju na –ie, nastavak -ie prelazi u y i dodaje se nastavak – ing:

• die – dying
• lie – lying

Potvrdan oblik:

Subjekat + am/is/are + present participle (verb+ing)

• I am learning English.
• He is playing a video game.
• They are working in the garden.

Present Simple i Present Continuous razlike ogledaju se, pored različitih pomoćnih glagola I u nastavcima koje dobijaju glagoli.

Za Present Simple koristi se nastavak –s ili –es i to samo u potvrdnim rečenicama u slučaju da je u rečenici upotrebljeno treće lice jednine (he, she, it).

Za Present Continuous koristi se nastavak –ing i on se koristi u svim rečenicama (potvrdnim, upitnim i odričnim) i uz sva lica.

Upitni oblik:

Am/Is/Are + subjekat + verb+ING

• Am I learning English?
• Is he playing a video game?
• Are they working in the garden?

Upitni oblik se gradi inverzijom – zamenom mesta pomoćnog glagola i subjekta.

Odričan oblik:

Subjekat + am/is/are NOT + verb+ING *am not, isn’t, aren’t

• I am not learning English.
• He is not playing a video game. (isn’t)
• They are not working in the garden. (aren’t)

Za odričan oblik, pomoćni glagol dobija odričnu rečcu not – am not, are not (aren’t), is not ( isn’t).

Ovim smo objasnili glavne razlike između Present Simple i Present Continuous u građenju.

Kako razlikovati Present Simple i Present Continuous (upotreba)

Kako razlikovati Present Simple (upotreba)

Present Simple se koristi za navike i rutine, radnju koja se ponavlja u sadašnjosti, činjenice/opšte istine o ljudima i svetu.

Evo primera koji će ilustrovati ove upotrebe:

1. Navika, rutina ili radnju koja se ponavlja u određenim vremenskim intervalima

• She waters the flowers every day. 
• She drinks coffee every morning.
• They go hiking in spring.
• He always checks his email before starting work.
• We visit our grandparents every Sunday.

.Ključne reči (signal words, clue words) nam najpre ukazuju da je potrebno koristiti Present Simple, a onda pokazuju kada i koliko često se radnja ponavlja. To su:

• every day/week/night/month/year/weekend/summer/Sunday
• on Sundays/Monday mornings
• always, usually, frequently, often, sometimes, ccasionally, rarely, seldom, hardly ever, never.

Prilozi always, usually, often, sometimes, never dolaze pre glavnog glagola u potvrdnom obliku. Fraze every day, every month, twice a year… najčešće se nalaze na kraju rečenice:

• I always goes to bed at 11 o’clock in the evening. 
• They meet their friends every Friday.

2. činjenice/opšte istine o ljudima

• Jane has blue eyes.
• Tom plays the guitar.
• Anna speaks three languages.
• David works as a software engineer.
• Emily has two younger sisters.

3. činjenice/opšte istine o svetu

• The Earth orbits the Sun.
• Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius.
• The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
• Honey never spoils.
• Plants need sunlight for photosynthesis

Kako razlikovati Present Continuous (upotreba)

Present Continuous Tense (Sadašnje trajno vreme) se koristi za:

1. Radnju koja se dešava u trenutku govora, te se stoga uz njega često nalaze vremenske odrednice now (sada), right now (upravo sada): i at the moment (u ovom trenutku).

now, right now, at the moment su ključne reči (signal words, clue words) koje nam ukazuju da je potrebno koristiti Present Continuous,

Primeri:

• She is cooking dinner right now.
• They are watching a movie at the moment.
• I am reading a fascinating book now.
• He is playing the piano right now.
• We are discussing the project at the moment.

2. Radnju koja se dešava oko sadašnjeg trenutka „around now“, „these days“ i ima privremeni karakter.

Primeri:

• I am taking a cooking class these days.
• She is working from home this week.
• They are renovating their house these days.
• He is studying for his exams this month.
• We are training for the marathon around now.

3. Planovi vezani za budućnost:

Primeri:

• We are meeting our friends for dinner tomorrow night.
• She is visiting her grandparents this weekend.
• They are flying to Paris next month.
• He is starting a new job next Monday.
• I am attending a conference next week.

Razlike izmedju Present Simple i Present Continuous (poređenje)

U sledećim rečenicama obnovićemo naučeno i poređenjem pojasniti kako razlikovati Present Simple i Present Continuous

• She teaches English at the university. (redovna aktivnost, činjenica)
• She is teaching English to a group of tourists right now. (trenutna, privremena radnja)

• He plays tennis every Saturday. (navika)
• He is playing tennis with his friends this afternoon. (planovi vezani za budućnost)

• The train arrives at 9 AM every day. (raspored, činjenica)
• The train is arriving at the station right now. (trenutna aktivnost)

• She reads a book before bed. (rutina)
• She is reading a novel this week. (privremena aktivnost)

• They live in New York. (činjenica, istina)
• They are living in a hotel while their house is being renovated. (privremena aktivnost)

He usually wakes up early, but today he is waking up late. (navika i trenutna aktivnost)

She loves chocolate, but she isn’t eating it now because she’s on a diet. (činjenica i trenutna aktivnost)The company sells computers. Right now, they are selling their latest model at a discount. (činjenica i trenutna aktivnost)They travel to Europe every summer. This year, they are traveling to Asia. (rutina i planovi vezani za budućnost)

Prijavite se na besplatne konsultacije gde ćemo otkloniti sve nedoumice koje imate u engleskom jeziku! 

• The children play in the garden every afternoon. Right now, they are playing hide-and-seek indoors because it’s raining. (aktivnost koja se ponavlja i trenutna privremena aktivnost)

Your turn 😊

Nadam se da vam više nije teško da shvatite kako razlikovati Present Simple i Present Continuous.

Ova dva vremena su od vitalnog značaja u engleskom jeziku, omogućavaju nam da izrazimo redovne radnje, opšte istine i tekuće aktivnosti.

Zajedno, ova vremena pružaju jasnoću i detalje u komunikaciji, čineći naše izražavanje preciznim i raznovrsnim..

A sada je red na vas::

Upotrebite ove predloge u rečenicama u nastavku: 

at, in, on, for, since, during, on time, in time, in the beginning, at the beginning

1. He ____________ (drink) coffee every morning, but right now he ____________ (make) tea.
2. They ____________ (study) French at school, but today they ____________ (learn) Spanish vocabulary.
3. She ____________ (work) as a teacher, but this week she ____________ (prepare) for a conference.
4. It ____________ (rain) a lot in this region, but today the sun ____________ (shine) brightly.
5. We ____________ (live) in this city for ten years, but this month we ____________ (consider) moving.
6. She ____________ (read) a book at the moment, but usually, she ____________ (watch) movies in the evening.
7. They ____________ (play) soccer in the park right now, but on weekends they ____________ (go) hiking.
8. He ____________ (study) for his exams this week, but usually, he ____________ (play) guitar in the evenings.
9. It ____________ (snow) outside at the moment, but usually, it ____________ (rain) in this season.
10. We ____________ (wait) for the bus right now, but usually, we ____________ (drive) to work.

Key:

1. drinks, is making
2. study, are learning
3. works, is preparing
4. rains, is shining
5. have lived, are considering
6. is reading, watches
7. are playing, go
8. is studying, plays
9. is snowing, rains
10. are waiting, drive